Governance and the Challenges of Marginalization among Vulnerable Groups in Nigeria

This study examines the relationship between governance structures and the marginalization of vulnerable groups in Nigeria, identifying persistent inequality as a major development challenge. Despite the existence of various public policies and social programmes, weak institutional capacity, poor policy coordination, and limited accountability continue to deepen exclusion. The study addresses three key questions: how governance structures contribute to marginalization, the specific challenges faced by marginalized groups, and strategies for promoting inclusive governance. A qualitative research design was adopted, relying on secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, policy reports, and international development publications. Content and comparative analysis were used to interpret and synthesize findings. The study reveals that governance structures in Nigeria contribute to marginalization through inefficient service delivery, identity-based exclusion, fragmented policy implementation, and unequal access to public resources. As a result, vulnerable groups such as rural populations, youth, women, persons with disabilities, and informal workers experience limited access to essential services and opportunities. The study concludes that marginalization is structurally produced through governance failures rather than individual shortcomings. It recommends strengthening institutional transparency, improving policy coordination, and promoting inclusive citizenship frameworks. The implication is that sustainable development in Nigeria requires governance reforms that prioritize equity, accountability, and inclusive participation across all levels of government