The relationship between indigenous knowledge systems and global science has long been framed in terms of opposition, where tradition is often seen as outdated and modernity equated with progress. However, contemporary scholarship increasingly emphasizes the value of bringing these knowledge systems into dialogue, recognizing that both offer unique insights into human-environment relationships, health practices, and social organization. Indigenous knowledge, rooted in centuries of observation, practice, and cultural continuity, provides holistic approaches to sustainability, resource management, and community well-being. Global science, on the other hand, emphasizes systematic experimentation, universal applicability, and technological innovation. Together, they hold the potential to enrich human understanding and address pressing global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and public health crises. This paper explores how indigenous knowledge and global science can coexist, complement, and transform one another. It examines the conceptual debates surrounding tradition and modernity, highlights successful case studies of integration, and argues for a more equitable framework that values knowledge diversity while resisting the marginalization of indigenous epistemologies.