War, Peace, and Security: Understanding the Causes of Conflict and the Pursuit of Stability

War and peace remain central concerns of international relations and social science. While the devastation of armed conflict has persisted throughout history, humanity has also sought durable frameworks for peace and security. This article examines the causes of war, the conditions that enable peace, and the evolving strategies to ensure security in the modern era. Drawing on classical and contemporary theories, it explores economic, political, cultural, and systemic factors that generate conflict, as well as institutional and normative mechanisms that promote stability. The paper concludes that lasting peace requires a multidimensional approach that integrates security, justice, and sustainable development.